Mongolia Population
East Asia & Pacific · 132nd most populous · Upper middle income
Population right now (estimate)
3,621,405
The population of Mongolia is about 3,621,405 as of 22 October 2026 (estimate), and 3.6 million for 2026 as a whole — 0.04% of the world's people.
Mongolia is ranked 132nd of 217 by population. The population is still growing, by about 1.13% a year. By 2050 it is projected to reach about 4.6 million. That is 3.7 times its 1960 population of 978 thousand. It is sparsely populated, with only 2.3 people per square kilometre. 71% of people live in cities (2025).
Population 2026
3.6 million
Yearly change
+1.13%
World rank
132nd
Share of world
0.04%
Density
2/km²
Land area
1,558,501 km²
Life expectancy
72.4 yrs
Births per woman
2.50
GDP per capita
$7,108
GDP
$25.4B
Population of Mongolia, 1960–2050
Mongolia population by year
| Year | Population | Yearly change | Density (per km²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 977,595 | — | 1 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 | +2.61% | 1 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 | +2.45% | 1 |
| 1990 | 2,098,710 | −1.20% | 1 |
| 2000 | 2,388,299 | +1.34% | 2 |
| 2010 | 2,738,622 | +1.77% | 2 |
| 2020 | 3,327,204 | +1.82% | 2 |
| 2024 | 3,524,788 | +1.25% | 2 |
| 2026proj. | 3,609,190 | +1.13% | 2 |
| 2030proj. | 3,760,812 | +0.99% | 2 |
| 2040proj. | 4,151,550 | +1.01% | 3 |
| 2050proj. | 4,550,588 | +0.78% | 3 |
Mongolia vs Bangladesh
Bangladesh (178 million) has 49.3 times as many people as Mongolia. Bangladesh is 589.9 times more densely populated.
Mongolia population: questions and answers
What is the population of Mongolia in 2026?
About 3,609,190 (3.6 million), based on World Bank projections.
Is Mongolia's population growing?
Yes, by about 1.13% a year (2026).
What is the population density of Mongolia?
About 2 people per km², with a land area of 1,558,501 km².
What will the population of Mongolia be in 2050?
About 4.6 million on World Bank projections.
What is the capital of Mongolia?
Ulaanbaatar.
What is the life expectancy in Mongolia?
72.4 years at birth (2024).
Sources: World Bank Open Data — World Development Indicators and Population Estimates and Projections (CC BY 4.0); Wikidata (CC0). Data retrieved 2026-10-22. Live figures are mathematical estimates interpolated between the World Bank's mid-year values, not real-time counts.